Question 51
According to the passage, dietary calcium intake
- was measured by means of a semi-quantitative medical examination.
- was discovered to decrease the chance of symptomatic kidney stone formation, after adjustment for age.
- increases the excretion of oxalate through the urinary tract.
- is impossible to accurately measure.
Question 52
The passage suggests that in conducting this medical study, researchers
- drew few conclusions beforehand on the indeterminate outcome of their scientific research.
- discovered associations they had not been looking for.
- had little interest in calcium’s effect on organs other than the kidneys.
- neglected researching how the intake of calcium can reduce urinary excretion of oxalate.
Question 53
What is the main focus of this passage?
- How dietary calcium affects kidneys.
- How kidneys function.
- How kidney research is conducted.
- How Stanford researchers perform studies.
Question 54
The passage cites all of the following as causing psychological problems for women medical students EXCEPT:
- feelings of alienation from teachers and fellow students
- prevailing societal conceptions about doctors
- declining admissions of women to medical schools
- expressions of sexism by peers and superiors
Question 55
The author of the passage is concerned that
- medical schools practice widespread discrimination on the basis of sex
- feelings of isolation among women medical students are partly the result of social stereotypes
- some medical school policies are deliberately designed to make women students feel isolated
- social norms must change before institutional bias can decline